Chicago Public Schools unveiled a five-year plan Thursday to improve the outcomes of the district鈥檚 Black students 鈥� at a time of unprecedented backlash against efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in education.

The release of the , during Black History Month, is part of CPS鈥檚 broader five-year strategic plan and aims to address long-standing disparities in graduation, discipline, and other metrics faced by its Black students, who make up roughly a third of the student body.

The district set out to create the Black Student Success Plan in the fall of 2023, but its quiet posting on Thursday comes as both conservative advocacy groups and the Trump administration are taking aim at race-based initiatives in school districts and on college campuses.

Late last week, the U.S. Department of Education鈥檚 top acting civil rights official that they could lose federal funding if they don鈥檛 scrap all diversity initiatives, even those that use criteria other than race to meet their goals. He cited the 2023 Supreme Court Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard decision that banned the use of race as a college admissions factor.

CPS 鈥� in a progressive city in a Democratic state 鈥� has largely been insulated from standoffs over diversity and inclusion in recent years, when districts in other parts of the country have come under intense scrutiny over how they teach race and how they take it into account in hiring, selective program admissions, and other decisions. Increasingly, though, deep blue cities like Chicago are finding themselves in the crosshairs.

Last year, a Virginia-based advocacy group aimed at boosting outcomes for its Black students, which CPS said inspired its own plan. At the urging of the Biden administration, Los Angeles made changes to downplay the role of race, causing an outcry from some of its initiative鈥檚 supporters.

Chicago鈥檚 plan vows to increase the number of Black teachers, slash suspensions and other discipline for Black students, and embrace more culturally responsive curriculums and professional development to 鈥渃ombat anti-Blackness鈥� 鈥� goals some of which could run afoul of the Department of Education鈥檚 interpretation of the Students for Fair Admissions decision.

Still, some district and community leaders in Chicago say CPS鈥檚 plan might be better-positioned to withstand challenges than Los Angeles鈥� initiative 鈥� and they said the district must forge ahead with the effort even as it braces for pushback.

鈥淣ow is not the time for anticipatory obedience and preemptive acquiescence,鈥� said Elizabeth Todd-Breland, a University of Illinois Chicago professor of African American history and a former Chicago school board member who served on a working group that helped craft the plan. 鈥淭his is not the time to shrink but to live out our values.鈥�

The new plan says Illinois law mandates this work and cites a state statute that requires the Chicago Board of Education to have a . That committee has not yet been formed.

CPS declined Chalkbeat鈥檚 interview request and did not answer questions before publication. The district is hosting a celebration at Chicago State University at 3 p.m. Friday to mark the plan鈥檚 release.

Chicago set out to create Black Student Success Plan years ago

CPS convened a working group made up of 60 district employees, parents, students, and community members that started meeting in December of 2023 to begin creating .

The following spring, it with residents across the city 鈥� what the plan鈥檚 supporters describe as one of the district鈥檚 most extensive and genuine efforts to get community input.

The working group in May that included stepping up efforts to recruit and retain Black educators, promote restorative justice practices, ensure culturally responsive curriculums that teach Black history, and offer more mental health and other support for Black students through partnerships with community-based organizations.

The district adopted many of these recommendations in its plan. It sets some concrete five-year goals, including doubling the number of male Black teachers, increasing the number of classrooms where Black history is taught, and decreasing how many Black students get out-of-school suspensions by 40%.

鈥淭he Black Student Success Plan is much more than simply a document,鈥� the plan said. 鈥淚t represents a firm commitment by the district, a roadmap, and a call to action for Chicago鈥檚 educational ecosystem to ensure equitable educational experiences and outcomes for Black students across our district.鈥�

The effort built on equity work to help 鈥渟tudents furthest from opportunity鈥� that started five years ago under former CEO Janice Jackson, said Dominique McKoy, the executive director of the University of Chicago鈥檚 To & Through Project. In CPS, by a range of metrics, those students have historically been Black children.

McKoy, whose work focuses on college access, points out that the district has made major strides in increasing the number of students who go to college. But more students than ever drop out before earning a college degree 鈥� an issue that has disproportionately affected Black CPS graduates.

鈥淭here鈥檚 evidence and data that we haven鈥檛 been meeting the needs of Black students,鈥� he said. 鈥淭his plan is about responding to the data. Being clear about that is one of the best ways to insulate and defend that process.鈥�

But McKoy acknowledges that now is a challenging time to kick off the district鈥檚 plan.

鈥淯ndoubtedly there will be critics who will think it鈥檚 racial preference to help students who need help and will attack the district for doing so,鈥� said Pedro Noguera, the dean of the University of Southern California鈥檚 Rossier School of Education.

Last year鈥檚 challenge against a $120 million Los Angeles program aimed at addressing disparities for Black students offers a case study, Noguera notes. Parents Defending Education, which opposes school district diversity and inclusion programs, filed a complaint with the Department of Education鈥檚 Office for Civil Rights. The group has also challenged programs to recruit more Black male teachers and form affinity student groups based on race in other districts.

Ultimately, Los Angeles overhauled the program to steer additional staffing and other resources to entire schools serving high-needs students, rather than more narrowly to Black students. The that to some critics, those changes watered down the program, which was beginning to show some early results. But Noguera says he feels the program is still helping Black students.

However, it is clear that the Trump administration plans to go much further in interpreting the Students for Fair Admissions decision and seeking to root out DEI initiatives. In Friday, Craig Trainor, acting assistant secretary for civil rights in the Education Department, said efforts to diversify the teaching force or the student bodies of selective enrollment programs could trigger investigations and the loss of federal funding. About 20% of CPS鈥檚 operating revenue comes from the federal government.

鈥淭he Department will no longer tolerate the overt and covert racial discrimination that has become widespread in this Nation鈥檚 educational institutions,鈥� Trainor wrote. 鈥淭he law is clear: treating students differently on the basis of race to achieve nebulous goals such as diversity, racial balancing, social justice, or equity is illegal under controlling Supreme Court precedent.鈥�

鈥楪et the help to the kids who need it鈥�

Chicago, like Los Angeles, might consider a focus on schools 鈥� chosen based on metrics such as graduation rates, test scores and others 鈥� where the plan would help Black students and their peers, Noguera said. Maybe it doesn鈥檛 even have to refer to Black students in its name, he said.

鈥淭he main thing is to get the help to the kids who need it,鈥� he said. But, he added, 鈥淚n this environment, who knows what鈥檚 challenge-proof.鈥�

He said what helped in Los Angeles was deep community engagement that lent that district鈥檚 initiative credibility and good will; the changes that the district made in response to the legal challenge did not erode those.

Darlene O鈥橞anner, a CPS great-grandmother who served on the working group, said CPS got the community engagement piece right. She thinks the plan will offer a detailed roadmap for improving Black students鈥� achievement and experience.

鈥淚 am not going to think of the unknowns and what鈥檚 going on in the world,鈥� O鈥橞anner said. 鈥淲e鈥檙e just going to hope for the best. We can鈥檛 put the plan on hold for four years.鈥�

The working group issued its recommendation in early fall and stopped meeting following the September resignation of all school board members, who stepped down amid pressure from the mayor鈥檚 office to fire CPS CEO Pedro Martinez over budget disagreements.

Valerie Leonard, a longtime community advocate who also served on the working group, said during the community meetings for the Black Student Success Plan last year, there was no discussion of possible legal pushback to the plan.

鈥淚llinois is a liberal state,鈥� she said. 鈥淚t never really occurred to us a year ago that this plan would be in danger.鈥�

But more recently, as she heard Trump assail DEI initiatives, Leonard said she wondered if the plan would survive.

Leonard pushed Illinois lawmakers last year to mandate the Board of Education appoint as part of that cleared the way for an elected school board in Chicago. The district鈥檚 plan invokes that committee though it hasn鈥檛 been formed yet. The board formed a more generic student success committee earlier this month.

鈥淲e believe that the problem with Black children in public schools is so dire that it needs to be elevated to its own committee,鈥� she said. 鈥淲hen our children get lumped into something that鈥檚 for all, they inevitably fall between the cracks.鈥�

McKoy at the University of Chicago said he feels 鈥渃autious optimism鈥� and hopes the city and state rally around CPS as it pushes to improve outcomes for Black students.

鈥淭he plan itself isn鈥檛 going to do the work,鈥� he said.

This story was originally published by Chalkbeat. Chalkbeat is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools. Sign up for their newsletters at .

The plan, released in April, seeks to make Black student success a top priority for the governor and state education department. It also calls for equitable educational funding statewide and for the elimination of the digital divide, among a dozen other strategies.听

It provides clear action steps in a state where Black students trail their white and Hispanic peers on virtually every educational measure, as evidenced by test scores out of the Indianapolis Public Schools: Last year, just in the district passed both the math and English sections of the state exams.

NAACP Education Committee member Carole Craig, who co-edited the report, said substantive change requires a new way of thinking about this group.听

鈥淔irst, we must agree that all Black children can succeed,鈥� she told 社区黑料. 鈥淚f we don鈥檛 make a serious difference in the next couple of years, we are crippling the ability of this state to have a viable working class, to be a part of a global economy for all of its citizens.鈥�

Most jobs require at least two years of education beyond high school, she said: Those who fail to graduate or pursue college will be unqualified.听

Russ Skiba, professor emeritus at Indiana University, praised the NAACP鈥檚 proposal for its concrete answer to an educational crisis that has gone largely unaddressed for decades.

鈥淲hat is so impressive about this plan is that it鈥檚 a blueprint,鈥� said Skiba, former director of The Equity Project at Indiana University, which provides evidence-based information on school discipline, school violence, special education and education equality. 鈥淚t says, essentially, that if we are serious about addressing the gaps in our schools, which grow into gaps in our society, make no mistake, then these are the things that need to happen.鈥澨�

NAACP Education Chair Garry Holland said the report contains nothing new, that the data has been available for years. 

So, too, he said, has the funding to bring positive change. What hasn鈥檛 materialized, at least not yet, is a concerted, sustained, statewide effort to improve these students鈥� educational experience. 

鈥淲hen you look at professional development, cultural competency, anti-bias training, does the school have the will to do these things and help these children?鈥� he asked. 鈥淢oney has been made available through ESSA (federal Every Student Succeeds Act) for that to happen. We know you have the resources. But do you have the will?鈥�

Shawnta Barnes, an educational consultant who worked in Indianapolis Public Schools for three years ending in 2018, is among those trying to build that resolve. Barnes, who helped shape the NAACP鈥檚 plan, is now promoting it to local districts, presenting it not as a critique of their current practice, but as an opportunity to improve.听

鈥淓ach of us has been assigned to different school districts and have been going out and having intimate conversations about it,鈥� said Barnes, the mother of two boys enrolled in Washington Township Schools in Indianapolis. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 want any school to feel we are attacking them. It鈥檚 more of, 鈥楾his is our plan and how can we help you?鈥� We鈥檙e here to talk to schools, see if they are willing to work with us 鈥� and help them get grants and connect them with resources. We are a partner鈥� and we will be down at the Statehouse fighting for the policies to be passed.鈥�

The NAACP鈥檚 plan faces numerous hurdles, among them that Black students are spread throughout many districts, even within Indianapolis, meaning advocates will have to sell the proposal to each one.听

Aleesia Johnson, superintendent of the Indianapolis Public Schools, the state鈥檚 largest, has already pledged to address the disparity. Her district, which serves 31,000 students, including those in charter schools, spent the 2021鈥�22 school year designing a tiered support system for those campuses that have three consecutive semesters of 鈥淔鈥� state-designated letter grades and are at the bottom of critical education metrics.听

These schools overwhelmingly serve Black and Hispanic students.听

In addition to expanding its tutoring program, her district has already partnered with two groups it hopes will improve student success: One is recognized for its anti-racist approach to learning and the other focuses on school district transformation.

鈥淯nfortunately, the findings of the NAACP report on Black student achievement are not surprising,鈥� Johnson said in a statement to 社区黑料. 鈥淭he results are all too common among school districts across the country.鈥�

Looking to repeat anti-CRT victory听

Though the NAACP鈥檚 plan faces numerous challenges, proponents take heart in an earlier, surprise win: The same coalition that managed to in Indiana earlier this year 鈥� including the Urban League, Equity Project, Indiana State Teachers Association and Indiana Black Legislative Caucus, among many others 鈥� also supports the NAACP鈥檚 plan. 

Critical race theory, which examines how American racism has impacted a wide range of the country鈥檚 systems and institutions, has become a catch-all phrase made popular by and politicians trying to around issues of race. Many thought the same type of anti-CRT legislation passed in would be embraced in Indiana, which considered a ban on that could make students feel guilt or discomfort because of their race or ethnic background.

But several gaffes from Republican legislators 鈥� Sen. Scott Baldwin said educators in teaching about Marxism, Nazism and fascism, for example 鈥斕齛nd pressure from advocacy groups ensured its 听

Those same activists are already pushing for the NAACP鈥檚 success. 

Brandon Brown, CEO of The Mind Trust, an Indianapolis-based nonprofit that has helped launch dozens of new schools in the city, including many charters, is hopeful about the plan鈥檚 prospects. He said there is a growing acknowledgment from critical stakeholders that racial achievement gaps are unacceptable. 

鈥淭he NAACP has gotten a wide variety of audiences with state-level leadership who have been amenable to the data and strategies they laid out,鈥� he said. 

The civil rights group is not yet collaborating with specific legislators to further its agenda. But it does have a list of priorities it hopes to achieve: It seeks full-day kindergarten 鈥� right now, children are not required to attend school until age 7 鈥� and quality preschool for all, a revised school funding formula focused on equity, the creation of a legislative Department of Education equity officer and funding for 鈥済row-your-own鈥� school programs designed to recruit and retain Black teachers. 

鈥淓ach of these legislative items require the advocacy efforts of all of the voting citizens of Indiana and especially those organizations that lobby and have connections with legislators,鈥� Craig said. 

Been here before

But some of what the NAACP proposes mirrors what was already agreed to by the state as part of its . Unfortunately, Indiana has struggled with the benchmarks established through the Obama-era directive. 

Indiana鈥檚 ESSA plan was first implemented in the 2017-18 school year and pledged to “ in English/language arts and mathematics for all student groups by 50 percent by 2023 for high school and by 2026 for elementary and middle school.鈥� But the state couldn鈥檛 meet the commitment 鈥� COVID alone marked a major setback 鈥� and has since . 

鈥淚t鈥檚 one thing to have it in the law,鈥� said Mark A. Russell, director of education and family services for the Indianapolis Urban League, speaking of ESSA. 鈥淚t鈥檚 another to have it enforced. The patterns that are so prevalent for Black students have continued unabated. In fact, they have worsened since ESSA was first adopted.鈥�

And it鈥檚 not the only time the state has failed to live up to a prior pledge. Indiana passed a in 2004 that was supposed to better prepare teachers for the classroom. But, so far, it has not materialized, activists say. 

鈥淲e are still trying to make sure it was being enacted,鈥� said Gwendolyn J. Kelley, NAACP Education Committee member and the report鈥檚 lead editor. 鈥淚t was as if a law was passed and put on the shelf and no one was monitoring it.鈥�

But even more than monitoring existing laws or adding new ones, Kelley and other NAACP leaders face an even tougher battle: ending the state鈥檚 tradition of failing to recognize Black students鈥� talent.

鈥淭he whole idea of high expectations for children is key,鈥� Kelley said. 鈥淲hen people鈥檚 mindsets change, they will implement all of the strategies we have in place.鈥�

Disclosure: The Mind Trust provides financial support to 社区黑料.